ReviewCancer biology & therapy2026
TFPI2 in tumor metastasis: a double-edged sword with clinical implications.
Review in Cancer biology & therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), a serine protease inhibitor, plays a multifaceted role in tumor metastasis. Traditionally viewed as a metastasis suppressor, it inhibits extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. However, emerging evidence indicates that TFPI2 promotes tumor progression in glioblastoma, melanoma, and other cancers by fostering an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, mediating pathological ECM remodeling, and enhancing angiogenesis and hematogenous dissemination. Notably, even within the same metastatic cascade, TFPI2 exhibits divergent expression patterns and context-dependent opposing functions, acting either as a metastasis suppressor or promoter. This review summarizes its context-dependent regulatory mechanisms, investigates the underlying basis from structural duality, microenvironmental heterogeneity, and receptor differences, and evaluates its potential as a therapeutic target. Future research should elucidate spatiotemporal microenvironmental dynamics to support early screening and precise intervention.
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