Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42216094›Full record

ArticleJournal of cannabis research2026

Knowledge, attitudes, and concerns about medical cannabis among U.S. healthcare professionals.

Lakshmi Kumar, Erin Wang, David S Mathai, C Austin Zamarripa, Tory R Spindle, Ryan Vandrey, Albert Garcia-Romeu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cannabis research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Lakshmi KumarBehavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Erin WangDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
David S MathaiEthical Legal Implications of Psychedelics in Society Program, Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
C Austin ZamarripaBehavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Tory R SpindleBehavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Ryan VandreyBehavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Albert Garcia-RomeuBehavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. agarci33@jhmi.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCannabis is among the most widely consumed psychoactive substances, with increasing consumption due to growing legalization for medical and non-medical use. As access expands, healthcare providers are faced with clinical challenges, despite variability in knowledge and attitudes on cannabis use in clinical practice.

methodsWe conducted an anonymous, cross-sectional web-based survey of U.S. healthcare professionals to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding cannabis use in clinical settings. Participants completed demographic items, self-report measures of cannabis-related beliefs and attitudes, and an objective knowledge assessment covering cannabis therapeutic indications, risks, and mechanisms of action. Descriptive analyses were conducted, followed by multivariable linear regression models examining whether demographic characteristics, knowledge, or concerns predicted openness to the clinical use of cannabis.

resultsAmong 879 respondents (71% female; 86% White; mean age = 46 years), 89% reported having patients who use cannabis. The sample included mental health professionals (29%), registered nurses (25%), physicians (18%), and advanced practice providers (15%). Participants rated their self-reported knowledge highest for cannabis's risks (mean = 4.1/5), followed by therapeutic indications (mean = 4.0/5), and mechanisms of action (mean = 3.5/5). In contrast, objective knowledge check scores were generally low across these domains (13-64% correct). Personal experience (76%) and popular media (73%) were the most endorsed sources of cannabis-related knowledge. Overall, most respondents (87%) endorsed the therapeutic promise of cannabis, 74% reported openness to recommending medical cannabis, and 95% supported its legal medical use. Commonly cited concerns regarding clinical use of cannabis included lack of trained providers (35%), possible patient exploitation (22%), recreational misuse (21%), and risk of psychosis (20%). Greater openness to clinical use was associated with higher self-rated knowledge, younger age, professional role, and lower levels of concern.

conclusionsAlthough most respondents reported having patients who use cannabis and were largely supportive of medical cannabis use, objective knowledge gaps and limited formal training were evident. These findings suggest a need for structured clinical training on cannabis pharmacology, dosing, contraindications, and legal and ethical frameworks, as well as better monitoring of cannabis use to support safe and informed patient care.

Indexed as

CannabinoidsCannabisMarijuanaMedical cannabisMedical marijuana

Identifiers

PMID42216094
PMCPMC13425986

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.