ArticleBMJ open2026
Medication concentrations in human milk and potential adverse effects in breastfed infants (MedMilk): a protocol for an observational clinical study.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07346716 (Medication Concentrations in Human Milk), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Medication Concentrations in Human Milk (MedMilk) and Potential Adverse Effects in Breastfed Infants: an Exploratory Clinical Study
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionData on medication concentrations in human milk and their potential effects on the breastfed infant remain limited, leaving clinicians with insufficient evidence to guide women who require medication while breastfeeding. The MedMilk study aims to systematically measure medication concentrations in human milk, calculate the relative infant dose (RID) and evaluate infant outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This observational clinical study will recruit breastfeeding women using prescription and over-the-counter medications. Women will provide milk and urine samples along with self-reported maternal and infant health data. The primary outcome is quantification of medication concentrations in human milk. Secondary outcomes include estimation of the RID based on measured milk concentrations, maternally reported infant symptoms and adverse events potentially related to medication exposure, and pharmacokinetically simulated infant plasma exposure. Analytical methods include solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for quantification combined with descriptive statistics and pharmacokinetic modelling. The study aims to recruit approximately 250 women across medication groups. For the most frequently used medications, we aim to include 20 participants per medication, with each participant contributing four milk samples and a urine sample. Biological samples will be stored in a biobank, and data in a secure database. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Regional Research Ethics Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (Journal no. H-23062687) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (Ref. P-2023-14627). All participants will provide written informed consent before enrolment. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications and presentations at relevant national and international scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT07346716.
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