ArticleProgress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry2026
Neurophysiological markers of GABAergic and glutamatergic function associated with childhood adversity in adolescent depression: An exploratory transcranial magnetic stimulation study.
Article in Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We aimed to explore the relationships between childhood adversity, as assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) neurophysiological measures of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. We hypothesized that elevated CTQ scores would have associations with dysregulated GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Adolescents (N = 47) aged 12-18 years diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) were assessed with the CTQ and TMS neurophysiology measures (n = 40) including: Short-Interval Cortical Inhibition (SICI), Long-Interval Cortical Inhibition (LICI), the Cortical Silent Period (CSP), and Intracortical Facilitation (ICF). Spearman partial correlation coefficients, controlled for age, number of failed medical trials and depressive symptom severity were employed to examine potential associations among the CTQ and markers of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. A significant positive correlation was observed between ICF-10 and physical abuse (ρ = 0.36276, p = 0.0297) suggesting an association with historical physical abuse and increased glutamatergic neurotransmission. Significant negative correlations also emerged between LICI-200 and emotional abuse (ρ = -0.36047, p = 0.0308), emotional neglect (ρ = -0.42310, p = 0.0101), physical neglect (ρ = -0.35610, p = 0.0330), and overall adversity scores (ρ = -0.515, p = 0.0013), suggesting that greater childhood adversity was associated with increased GABA-B mediated inhibitory neurotransmission. This study suggests that childhood adversity may be linked to distinct neurophysiological alterations in adolescents. These findings support the potential of TMS-derived measures as candidate biomarkers for adversity-related psychiatric disorders. Further studies should validate these findings in larger samples with a longitudinal design.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.