Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42214377›Full record

ArticleJournal of microbiology & biology education2026

A practical low-cost course module for teaching bacteriophage isolation to undergraduate students.

Luiz Felipe Leomil Coelho, Raíne Piva Amaral, Mateus de Souza Terceti, Ana Luisa Cauvila Dos Santos, Barbara Rafaela Ferreira Aio, Bianca Andrade de Carvalho, Luiz Cosme Cotta Malaquias, Gabriel Magno de Freitas Almeida

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of microbiology & biology education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Luiz Felipe Leomil CoelhoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-4289-384X
Raíne Piva AmaralDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.
Mateus de Souza TercetiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.
Ana Luisa Cauvila Dos SantosDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.
Barbara Rafaela Ferreira AioDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.
Bianca Andrade de CarvalhoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.
Luiz Cosme Cotta MalaquiasDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.
Gabriel Magno de Freitas AlmeidaThe Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-2317-5092

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and have gained attention as promising tools against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Despite their relevance, phage biology remains underrepresented in undergraduate curricula. This study describes a low-cost course designed to introduce students to fundamental virology concepts through hands-on phage isolation, characterization, and genome analysis. Participants collected environmental water samples, performed phage enrichment, and detected viral plaques using the double-layer agar technique. The course also incorporated web-based bioinformatics activities using BLASTN and PhageScope, enabling students to explore genome size, GC content, gene annotation, and taxonomy without the need for coding knowledge or powerful computers. These activities strengthened the integration between laboratory and computational virology. Students had access to key concepts such as viral diversity, lytic cycles, biosafety, host specificity, and plaque quantification. This accessible educational model promotes active learning, democratizes access to virology training, and helps prepare future professionals for research in bacteriophage biology and phage therapy.

Indexed as

bacteriophagelow-cost coursephage therapy

Identifiers

PMID42214377
PMCPMC13520721

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.