Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42213850›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

Ion-shielding ultrathin encapsulation with hot-press bonded interface enables chronic stretchable bioelectronics.

Zhi Jiang, Guijin Zou, Wei Ju, Jing Yu, Changtai Guo, Ming Zhu, Vaibavi Srirangam Ramanujam, Wenlong Li, Matthew Andrew Ackers-Johnson, Prasanna Vidyasekar and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Zhi JiangInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0009-0003-3949-0641
Guijin ZouMechano-X Institute, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0047-7012
Wei JuLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0009-0000-9501-199X
Jing YuInstitute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-8985-1180
Changtai GuoInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0009-0006-0768-8233
Ming ZhuInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-1898-3239
Vaibavi Srirangam RamanujamLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Wenlong LiInstitute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-0729-0357
Matthew Andrew Ackers-JohnsonThe Cardiovascular Research Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine MD6, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-1308-6785
Prasanna VidyasekarThe Cardiovascular Research Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine MD6, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Can CaoInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-6125-0837
Zekun LongSauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Integrated Circuits, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
Feilong ZhangInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-6243-7388
Sing Yian ChewLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-6084-5967
Huajian GaoMechano-X Institute, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8656-846X
Xiaodong ChenInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-3312-1664

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stretchable physiological electrodes are indispensable for continuous, high-fidelity bio-signal monitoring, yet liquid water and ions invade nano/microscopic interfacial defects and silence signals within weeks. We introduce an ion-shielding ultrathin encapsulation that is molecularly fused to the stretchable conductor with a hot-press bonded interface to block aqueous ingress. A single-step hot pressing expels trapped air and interdiffuses polymer chains, erasing interfacial defects. The hot-press bonded interface exhibits exceptional resistance to water and ion penetration of >12 months in solution, more than 10 times longer than untreated interfaces (less than a month). Stretchable physiological electrodes with ~10-micrometer-thick encapsulation achieved stable, high-fidelity electrophysiological recordings in demanding environments, as demonstrated by continuous monitoring of cardiomyocytes for 29 days in vitro and long-term signal recording in rat spinal cords spanning 12 weeks in vivo.

Indexed as

Electrodes, ImplantedAnimalsIonsMyocytes, CardiacPolymersRatsIonsPolymers

Identifiers

PMID42213850
PMCPMC13220888

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.