ReviewBJS open2026
Cancer vaccines: comprehensive review.
Review in BJS open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere has been an increasing focus on the potential of cancer vaccines as a therapeutic oncological option, aiming to harness the immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells. Unlike traditional therapies, vaccines exploit tumour-associated antigens and neoantigens to generate durable, tumour-specific immune responses.
methodsThis review provides a comprehensive overview of current vaccine strategies, their clinical applications, and implications for surgical oncology.
resultsClinical trials highlight promising results in high-mutational burden cancers such as melanoma, lung, and bladder cancer, as well as in traditionally 'cold' tumours like pancreatic cancer. Combination strategies, particularly with checkpoint inhibitors, have shown enhanced efficacy, exemplified by messenger RNA-4157/V940 and autogene cevumeran in adjuvant settings. Off-the-shelf tumour-associated antigen vaccines offer scalability but face challenges of tolerance and limited specificity. Early data suggest vaccines may improve relapse-free survival and induce antigen spreading, broadening immune responses beyond the initial targets.
conclusionCancer vaccines are poised to complement surgery and systemic therapies, particularly in the perioperative window. Their integration into multimodal treatment strategies may redefine precision oncology, offering durable disease control and improved patient outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.