ReviewJournal of medical virology2026
ORF57/MTA in KSHV Biology and Pathogenesis: Update From 2015.
Review in Journal of medical virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) ORF57, also known as MTA, is a viral nonstructural protein that belongs to a conserved family of functionally related proteins encoded by all herpesviruses. As an RNA-binding protein, ORF57/MTA functions as a key post-transcriptional regulator of viral gene expression and is essential for efficient viral replication and production of infectious virions. ORF57/MTA features two distinguishable domains: an intrinsic disordered N-terminal domain or NTD for protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions and a structural α-helix-rich C-terminal domain or CTD for ORF57/MTA dimerization to prevent its proteasome degradation. ORF57/MTA enhances viral gene expression by promoting RNA stability, RNA splicing, and translation of viral transcripts through its NTD domain in cooperation with host/viral cofactors as distinct individual ribonucleoprotein complexes. To mediate these diverse activities, ORF57/MTA binds MTA-responsive elements (MREs) within target RNAs in a sequence and structural motif-dependent manner. Most recent progresses in this update since 2015 include determination of ORF57/MTA domain structure and the crystal structure of its CTD, discovery of a novel role of ORF57/MTA in counteracting cellular innate immune responses through modulation of RNA granule biogenesis, genome-wide identification of viral and host RNAs as ORF57/MTA targets, and elucidation of long-distance viral RNA splicing crossing a large part of the KSHV genome. Collectively, these findings represent significant steps toward our understanding of ORF57/MTA-mediated regulation of not only viral but also host gene expression, as exemplified by ORF57/MTA regulation of FOS expression. Nevertheless, many aspects of ORF57/MTA function remain to be determined and warrant future investigation.
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