Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42212774›Full record

ArticleJournal of studies on alcohol and drugs2026

Retail Availability of Intoxicating Cannabis and Mushroom Products Across Eleven U.S. Cities: Sales Persist Despite Prohibitions.

Cassidy R LoParco, Matthew E Rossheim, Kayla K Tillett, Yuxian Cui, Miranda Johnson, Morgan Speer, Darby Mihelich, Hermela Amdeta, Diane Ndisebuye, Carla J Berg

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Cassidy R LoParcoDepartment of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Matthew E RossheimDepartment of Health Administration and Health Policy, College of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Kayla K TillettDepartment of Health Administration and Health Policy, College of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Yuxian CuiDepartment of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Miranda JohnsonDepartment of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Morgan SpeerDepartment of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Darby MihelichDepartment of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Hermela AmdetaDepartment of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Diane NdisebuyeDepartment of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Carla J BergGeorge Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

Funding

Recreational Marijuana Marketing and Young Adult Consumer Behavior - Administrative SupplementR01DA054751 · NIDA · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Carla J Berg, Patricia A Cavazos-Rehg · 2022 to 2026
$4.3M
Impact of derived psychoactive cannabis product marketing on perceptions and use among young adultsK01DA061973 · NIDA · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Cassidy R LoParco · 2025 to 2026
$317k
NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA061973NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA054751
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveRetail sales of intoxicants, including derived intoxicating cannabis products (DICPs) such as delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and hallucinogenic mushrooms, have rapidly increased throughout the US, despite their sale being federally illegal. This study assessed DICP and hallucinogenic mushroom availability in US smoke shops with differing DICP and psilocybin laws.

methodsIn May-October 2025, using Google's Incognito mode, we searched "smoke shop in [city, state]" across eleven cities in states (California, Colorado, Florida, Maryland, New York, Nevada, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Washington) with differing legal contexts for THC and mushrooms (7 explicitly prohibited DICP sales, 2 decriminalized psilocybin,

results73.0% (n=747/1,023) answered the phone and responded about DICP availability: 51.4% (n=384/747) reported selling DICPs (39.6% DICPs illegal vs. 80% not explicitly illegal, p<.05; range: 2.0% in New York City to 93.8% in Jacksonville, FL). Overall, 70.2% (n=718/1,023) answered questions about mushroom availability: 59.7% (n=414/718) sold mushrooms (56.6% decriminalized psilocybin vs. 57.9% illegal psilocybin, p=.786; range: 0% in New York City to 84.0% in Las Vegas, NV). Among those selling mushrooms, 54.1% specified they sold

conclusionsDICPs were sold widely, including in states where they were expressly illegal (~40%). One-third of retailers were unable to identify mushroom type sold. Collectively, findings suggest the need for greater retail surveillance, education, and enforcement.

Indexed as

hemp-derived cannabinoidsmarketingpublic health policy

Identifiers

PMID42212774
PMCPMC13284985

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.