ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Buprenorphine extended-release (Ethiqa XR) impacts the immunological response in mice exposed to aerosolized
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Vascular-associated bacterial burden and neuroinflammatory transcriptional responses observed in models of pneumonic plague.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
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19 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Ethiqa XR is an extended-release formulation of the potent partial opioid buprenorphine and has been FDA-indexed for mice and other laboratory animal species to relieve pain. Unfortunately, the use of analgesia may produce confounding effects that distort physiological and pathophysiological responses during laboratory animal studies. Since various reports have indicated that Ethiqa XR can affect the inflammatory response in several Methods: BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains were treated or not with Ethiqa XR before and 48 h after challenge with aerosolized Results: Both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse strains showed higher bacterial dissemination to the spleen 60-72 h after Discussion: These results suggest that the effect of Ethiqa XR on the immune response and disease pathogenesis increases the complexity of data interpretation. Thus, prior to providing analgesia to laboratory animals, bridging studies and cost benefit analyses must be considered to avoid misinterpretation of immunological data collected during the development, testing, and evaluation of medical countermeasures.
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