Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42212105›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026

Development and item selection of the language and dyslexia screening questionnaire in primary care settings.

M Adelaida Restrepo, R J Risueño, Jeffrey M Williams, Shelley Gray, Carla C Allan, Nilam Patel Khurana, Jodi Carter, Rebecca Keller, Kathleen Swartz, Terrence Stull and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

M Adelaida RestrepoDepartment of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
R J RisueñoCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
Jeffrey M WilliamsDepartment of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
Shelley GrayCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
Carla C AllanPhoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
Nilam Patel KhuranaHealing Hearts Pediatrics, Mesa, AZ, United States.
Jodi CarterDepartment of Pediatrics, Valleywise Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
Rebecca KellerLearning to Soar, Gilbert, AZ, United States.
Kathleen SwartzCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
Terrence StullDepartment of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
Ryan SeltzerCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
Savannah H RomeoCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: The study's purpose was to develop and select items for a caregiver-completed screening tool to assess children for dyslexia and developmental language disorder (DLD). Method: Participants were recruited from community centers, schools and pediatric offices. Caregivers clicked a QR code on a flyer to access the consent and questionnaire, or contacted the research assistant to access them, and completed the screening measure designed to assess the risk of DLD and dyslexia. Then, children completed a gold-standard battery that included language, reading, phonological awareness, rapid naming, and memory measures. Results: Participants included 149 children and their caregivers. We used unadjusted logistic regressions to estimate the predictive value of each individual survey question for dyslexia, DLD, and typical development (TD) to retain questions at Conclusions: The findings indicate that the 14-item screener may effectively identify children at risk for dyslexia and DLD. Further validation, including the development and testing of additional items in a large, representative sample, is needed to establish its validity at the population level.

Indexed as

developmental language disorder (DLD)dyslexiaparent questionnairescreeningwell-check visit

Identifiers

PMID42212105
PMCPMC13212353

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.