Case Report: Clinicopathological features and outcomes of superficial cervicovaginal myofibroblastoma: analysis of two cases and a review of the literature.

Background: Superficial cervicovaginal myofibroblastoma (SCVM) is a benign mesenchymal tumor that arises from the superficial stromal layer of the submucosal vagina and cervix in females. This tumor is clinically rare, occurs most frequently in women aged 20-60 years, and is often difficult to distinguish from other soft tissue tumors of the female genital tract due to overlapping clinical and pathological features. Case description: Two cases of SCVM located in the vagina of female patients were reported. One patient presented with vaginal bleeding, whereas the other lesion was identified during a routine physical examination in the absence of obvious clinical symptoms. Both patients underwent surgical resection of the tumor. The final diagnosis of SCVM was established through an integrated evaluation of histopathological morphology, immunohistochemical profiles, and molecular pathology findings. During follow-up periods ranging from 6 months to 1 year, no tumor recurrence or additional clinical symptoms were observed. Conclusion: A review of the English-language literature identified a total of 78 reported cases of SCVM, and their clinical manifestations, pathological features, and treatment outcomes were summarized. The findings indicate that SCVM occurs predominantly in women of reproductive age, demonstrates slow growth and benign biological behavior, exhibits hormone-related characteristics, and is associated with a favorable prognosis following surgical excision, with recurrence being extremely rare. Accurate diagnosis depends on the combined assessment of morphological features and immunohistochemical findings to reliably differentiate SCVM from other mesenchymal tumors of the cervix and vagina.