ArticlePsychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law2026
Ensuring compulsory treatment is used as a last resort: a narrative review of the knowledge about Community Treatment Orders.
Article in Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- 'Traumatic to Say the Least; It Still Affects Me': Consumer Perspectives on Community Treatment Orders in Australia.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Understanding compulsory community treatment across Australian jurisdictions: insights from three different data sources.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Factors influencing the outcomes of Community Treatment Orders: state-wide study using linked administrative health data from New South Wales, Australia.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Ten Years of Community Treatment Orders in Western Switzerland: an Update.Community mental health journal · 2025Article
- Community Treatment Orders in Australia in the Context of International Literature: A Narrative Review of Consumers, Families and Health Professionals' Perspectives.International journal of mental health nursing · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Community treatment orders (CTOs) have become a standard feature of contemporary mental health care worldwide, even though those placed under them typically perceive them as coercive. This review of the literature found that the evidence regarding the impact of CTOs is mixed and contested. Despite concerns about the overuse of CTOs, there were no examples found of projects that have aimed to achieve a reduction in the use of CTOs that have proved successful. Literature on attempts to reduce CTOs is largely grey literature and so lacks the evidence base that is present in literature on the efficacy of these orders. Our review found that changing attitudes, preparing services and staff for practice change, and supporting the implementation of innovative alternatives need to be addressed in working towards reduction in CTO use. Several sources highlighted that lived experience perspectives should have a key role in driving reform.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.