Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42210282›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2026

Inflammatory blood-based biomarkers to aid in the assessment and prognostication of traumatic brain injury: a TRACK-TBI study.

John K Yue, Allen Y Fu, Sonia Jain, Ava M Puccio, Shawn R Eagle, Frederick K Korley, Thomas A van Essen, Romit Samanta, Lucia M Li, Christopher J Roberts and 32 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

42 authors.

John K Yue *Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA. John.Yue@ucsf.edu.
Allen Y Fu *New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Sonia Jain *Biostatistics Research Center, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Ava M Puccio *Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Shawn R EagleDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Frederick K KorleyDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Thomas A van EssenUniversity Neurosurgical Center Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Haaglanden Medical Center, HAGA, Leiden, The Hague, the Netherlands.
Romit SamantaDepartment of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Lucia M LiDepartment of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Christopher J RobertsDepartment of Anesthesia, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
David J CaldwellDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
Mahmoud M ElguindyDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
Mary J VassarDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
Patrick J BeltonDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Shubhayu BhattacharyayDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
Lindsay D NelsonDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Joye X TraceyDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Leila L EtemadDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
Christine J GotthardtDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
Gabriela G SatrisDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
Maxwell B WangDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
Catherine DemosMeso Scale Diagnostics, LLC, Rockville, MD, USA.
George B SigalMeso Scale Diagnostics, LLC, Rockville, MD, USA.
Edilberto AmorimDepartment of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Debbie Y MadhokDepartment of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Hannah L RadabaughDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
Adam R FergusonDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
Amy J MarkowitzDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
Claudia S RobertsonDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Alex B ValadkaDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Pratik MukherjeeBrain and Spinal Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Esther L YuhBrain and Spinal Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michael A McCreaDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
H E HinsonWeill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
Andrea L C SchneiderDepartment of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Xiaoying SunBiostatistics Research Center, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
David O OkonkwoDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Firas H Kobeissy *Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Geoffrey T Manley *Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 2540 23Rd Street, Room 5204, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
Ramon Diaz-Arrastia *Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Kevin K W Wang *Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
TRACK-TBI Investigators

Funding

Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain InjuryU01NS086090 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DIAZ-ARRASTIA, RAMON, GIACINO, JOSEPH THOMAS · 2013 to 2017
$19.1M
Transforming Traumatic Brain Injury Research and Clinical CareRC2NS069409 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MANLEY, GEOFFREY T · 2009 to 2011
$4.3M
Congress of Neurological Surgeons UCSF Proposal ID #P0594482Neurosurgery Research and Education Foundation UCSF Award #A139203NINDS NIH HHS RC2 NS069409NINDS NIH HHS #RC2NS069409; #U01NS086090; #U01NS1365885NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS086090U.S. Department of Defense #W81XWH-13-1-0441; #W81XWH-14-2-0176; #W81XWH-18-2-0042Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco Award #7032446; Project ID #7032139
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInflammatory proteins detectable in blood reflect pathoanatomic injury patterns after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Identifying biomarkers of secondary neurologic and systemic injury may improve detection of patients at risk for clinical decline and chronic disability. This study examined the utility of acute and subacute inflammatory biomarkers to differentiate TBI diagnosis and severity, and predict 6-month outcomes.

methodsThe Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) Study prospectively enrolled TBI patients presenting to 18 United States trauma centers with head computed tomography (CT) on day 1 (D1; < 24-h post-injury). Data were extracted from TRACK-TBI subjects with D1 and 2-week (W2) plasma samples and 6-month functional outcomes, yielding 369 TBI subjects, 100 orthopedic trauma controls (OC), and 69 healthy controls. Twenty-seven inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed (MesoScale Diagnostics). TBI severity was defined using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS; 3-12/13-15) and radiographic intracranial injury (CT-positive/CT-negative). Multivariable logistic regressions examined biomarkers as predictors of 6-month unfavorable outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended = 1-4 (death/severe-disability)), and adjusted for clinico-demographic factors and multiple comparisons. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR [95% confidence interval]) per log

resultsTen biomarkers (c-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin (IL)-1ꞵ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) differed significantly between GCS 3-12 vs. 13-15 TBI, CT-positive vs. CT-negative TBI, and GCS 3-12 TBI vs. OC, at both D1 and W2 (p < 0.001). IL-6, CRP, and SAA showed good discrimination of clinical TBI severity (D1/W2 area under-the-curve (AUC): 0.87/0.87, 0.82/0.88, 0.80/0.85, respectively), and moderate-to-good discrimination of radiographic TBI severity (D1/W2 AUC: 0.81/0.82, 0.78/0.83, 0.77/0.79, respectively). Five W2 biomarkers emerged as multivariable predictors of 6-month unfavorable outcomes (IL-15: AOR = 2.26 [1.14-4.49]; SAA: AOR = 1.91 [1.37-2.67]; IL-6: AOR = 1.80 [1.25-2.61]; IL-17A: AOR = 1.72 [1.24-2.39]; CRP: AOR = 1.40 [1.06-1.85]).

conclusionsTen circulating inflammatory proteins were associated with TBI diagnosis and severity at D1 and W2. Of these, five biomarkers expressed subacute (W2) levels predictive of 6-month death/severe-disability, underscoring their potential for validation as a novel biomarker class and integration into TBI prognostic models. Distillation of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarker cascades in TBI could facilitate precision medicine approaches for risk stratification and therapeutic modulation.

Indexed as

Brain Injuries, TraumaticAdultAgedBiomarkersCytokinesFemaleGlasgow Coma ScaleHumansInflammationMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisProspective StudiesYoung AdultBiomarkersCytokinesBiomarkersCytokinesDiagnostic testsInflammationNeuroinflammationPrognostic factorsRecovery of functionTraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID42210282
PMCPMC13430862

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