ArticleLangmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids2026
When 20% Is Enough: Counterintuitive Contact Angle Maxima on Chemically Heterogeneous Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Surfaces.
Article in Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Solid-liquid-gas three-phase systems are central to chemistry, biology, physics, engineering, and even botany. Representative examples range from gas-evolving reactions at (photo)electrodes to hydrophobic interactions between proteins. Although these processes occur on the nanoscale, they are often interpreted using empirical principles extrapolated from macroscopic laws. Here we show, by means of atomistic simulations, that regularly distributed atomic- or molecular-scale chemical heterogeneities can give rise to counterintuitive behavior: the contact angle of an heterogeneous hydrophobic surface is maximized when the surface is decorated with a ∼20% atomic-level hydrophilic particle (with fixed interaction force). Similarly, a maximum in the contact angle is observed, at fixed hydrophilic particles geometry, when the difference in interaction force between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic spots is Δ ∼ 40%. We demonstrate that such atomistic-level heterogeneities can
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