Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42209563›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Trajectories of antidepressant dispensing among privately insured transgender people in the United States.

Theo Gabriel Beltran, Brian W Pence, Virginia Pate, Jennifer L Lund, Tonia C Poteat, Kathleen C Thomas, Shabbar I Ranapurwala, Derrick D Matthews, Juan M Hincapie-Castillo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Theo Gabriel BeltranDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. theogb@unc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4332-6310
Brian W PenceDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7321-9538
Virginia PateDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-8882
Jennifer L LundDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1108-0689
Tonia C PoteatDivision of Healthcare in Adult Populations, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6541-3787
Kathleen C ThomasDivision of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-5393
Shabbar I RanapurwalaDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3944-3912
Derrick D MatthewsDepartment of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-3608
Juan M Hincapie-CastilloDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-2713

Funding

Applying Computational Phenotypes To Assess Mental Health Disorders Among Transgender Patients in the United StatesF31MH132187 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BELTRAN, THEO · 2023 to 2024
$81k
NIMH NIH HHS F31 MH132187NIMH NIH HHS F31MH132187
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Psychiatric medication utilization studies rarely identify transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people, masking TGD health inequities. This study assessed antidepressant prescription fill patterns and their predictors among a privately insured TGD sample with newly dispensed anti-depressants after a recent depression or anxiety diagnosis from Merative MarketScan commercial insurance claims from 2007 to 2021. We measured trajectories of antidepressants utilization over 6-months using group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM), then identified demographic and clinical predictors of medication utilization group membership. Among 2499 TGD people with depression or anxiety, we found three anti-depressant dispensing trajectory groups (short-term [21.1%], decreasing [32.3%], and long-term [46.6%]). TGD people with previous chronic co-morbidities or emergency department visits had an increased probability of shorter-term antidepressant dispensing compared to long-term dispensing. TGD people under the age of 25 and those with previous psychotherapy treatment were less likely to have shorter-term anti-depressant dispensing than those with older ages (25-64) and those without prior psychotherapy. This study provides real-world evidence of distinct anti-depressant dispensing patterns and predictive factors associated with shorter-term dispensing among TGD people. Policymakers, providers, and advocacy groups can utilize findings to inform tailored strategies to improve sustained antidepressant use among TGD people living with mental health conditions.

Indexed as

Antidepressive AgentsDepressionTransgender PersonsAdultDrug PrescriptionsFemaleHumansInsurance, HealthMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung AdultAntidepressive AgentsAnxietyComputational phenotypeDepressionElectronic health recordsGender identityMental healthTransgender health

Identifiers

PMID42209563
PMCPMC13451220

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.