ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2026
Pan-cancer spatial atlas of tertiary lymphoid structures.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unveiling the role of spatial transcriptomics in the analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- spaGFM is a scalable graph foundation model for spatial transcriptomics analyses.Research square · 2026Article
- Gastric cancer tertiary lymphoid structures in the muscularis propria are associated with therapy resistance and promote immunosuppression.Nature communications · 2026Article
- FTU-Seek: Foundation Model-Guided Hard-Negative Learning for Sparse Functional Tissue Unit Segmentation.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- TLS as Predictors and Targets in Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for NSCLC.Thoracic cancer · 2026Review
- Beyond TLS Presence: A Functional Framework Integrating Maturity, Location, and Immune Context.Cancers · 2026Review
- Harnessing immunity against breast cancer: from checkpoints to cell therapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Integrative Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies a Tertiary Lymphoid Structure-Associated LAMP3Cancers · 2026Article
- Clinical impact and therapeutic potential of tertiary lymphoid structures in melanoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Editorial: Artificial intelligence in multi-omics: advancing tumor metastasis prediction and mechanism analysis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
42 authors.
Kyung Serk ChoDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0996-8240
Yunhe LiuDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2120-952X
Guangsheng PeiDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Jianfeng ChenDepartment of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3750-1207
Yibo DaiDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-8023-4665
Yang LiuDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-4321-0878
Tieling ZhouDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-7244-8827
Antoine BougouinCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Universite Paris Cite, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
Alejandra SerranoDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6759-9239
Khalida WaniDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2383-3908
Akshaya JadhavDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1851-1306
Jimin MinLaura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2309-7875
Sharia HernandezDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7746-0860
Wei LuDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA.
Daiwei ZhangDepartment of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Jiahui JiangDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Diana ShamsutdinovaDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1057-1731
Enyu DaiDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Fuduan PengDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4068-530X
Ansam SinjabTherapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5777-227X
Paola A GuerreroDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7345-1246
Idania Carolina Lubo JulioDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-0545-1444
Kai YuDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-3070-1598
Helen ClarkDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6975-4001
Dipen MaruDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9134-7709
Mingyao LiDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2422-9494
Andrew FutrealDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8663-2671
Sanghoon LeeDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Luisa Maren Solis SotoDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1253-630X
Lulu ShangDepartment of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2480-3065
Pavlos MsaouelDepartment of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6505-8308
Jaffer A AjaniDepartment of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Hannah BeirdDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5078-534X
Amir A JazaeriDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4335-4151
Alexander J LazarDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6395-4499
Catherine Sautes-FridmanCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Universite Paris Cite, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
Wolf H FridmanCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Universite Paris Cite, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-1332-0973
Anirban MaitraLaura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7923-9978
Humam KadaraThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2976-9115
Jianjun GaoDepartment of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6138-4472
Padmanee SharmaDepartment of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4658-055X
Linghua WangDepartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9380-0266
Funding
Tumor Evolution and Metastasis ProgramP30CA016672 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Fabien Delerue · 1985 to 2026
$290.8MTissue Analysis & Molecular Imaging CoreP30DK056338 · NIDDK · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI James Versalovic · 2001 to 2026
$28.3MTumor Microenvironment Crosstalk Drives Early Lesions in Pancreatic CancerU54CA274371 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI ANIRBAN MAITRA · 2022 to 2026
$9.5MCenter for Gastric Pre-Cancer Atlas of Multidimensional Evolution in 3D (GAME3D)U01CA294518 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Paul F Mansfield, Linghua Wang · 2024 to 2026
$5.4MPASSCODE (Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Stromal Reprograming ConSortium COordination, Data Management and Education)U24CA274274 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI J. Jack LEE, ANIRBAN MAITRA · 2022 to 2026
$4.9MTumor cell lineage diversity and composition in gastric cancer progression and therapy resistanceR01CA266280 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Pawel K. Mazur, Linghua Wang · 2022 to 2026
$3.2MElucidating the evolution of Krt8+ alveolar cells to Kras-mutant lung preneoplasia and cancerR01CA272863 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Humam Kadara, Seyed Javad Mirhassani Moghaddam · 2022 to 2026
$2.9MEffective combination therapy for MTAP-deficient bladder carcinoma by targeting metabolic vulnerability and modulating tumor immune microenvironmentR01CA254988 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI GAO, JIANJUN · 2021 to 2025
$2.6MDecoding tumor metabolic and immunologic interactions driving racial disparity in African American patients with bladder cancer.R01CA282282 · NCI · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI Jianjun Gao, Nagireddy Putluri · 2023 to 2026
$2.5MTranslational Genomics and Precision Medicine in Cancer Training ProgramT32CA217789 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Subrata Sen · 2018 to 2026
$2.2MSpatial and temporal tumor-immune co-evolution and interactions that model lung adenocarcinoma developmentU01CA264583 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Humam Kadara, Linghua Wang · 2022 to 2026
$2.1MMolecular Mechanisms of Bladder Cancer ImmunometabolismR01CA269489 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Jianjun Gao, Liuqing Yang · 2023 to 2026
$2.0MNCI NIH HHS P30 CA016672NCI NIH HHS R01 CA254988NCI NIH HHS R01 CA266280NCI NIH HHS R01 CA269489NCI NIH HHS R01 CA272863NCI NIH HHS R01 CA282282NCI NIH HHS T32 CA217789NCI NIH HHS U01 CA264583NCI NIH HHS U01 CA294518NCI NIH HHS U24 CA274274NCI NIH HHS U54 CA274371NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK056338NIH HHS S10 OD024977
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are critical regulators of antitumor immunity, yet their spatial organization, maturation, and clinical relevance remain incompletely defined across cancers. We analyzed spatial transcriptomics spanning 12 cancer types to construct a pan-cancer TLS atlas and characterized TLS spatial architecture and maturation states. TLS maturation was accompanied by coordinated remodeling of distinct niche cell populations and distance-dependent gradients in tumor programs, orthogonally supported by ultrahigh-plex single-cell spatial profiling. To enable scalable TLS profiling, we trained an artificial intelligence framework that predicts TLS maturation states directly from hematoxylin and eosin-stained images and evaluated it across TCGA and independent therapy cohorts. We further derived a maturation-aware composite score capturing intratumoral TLS state composition, which robustly stratifies patients across cancer and treatment contexts, outperforming conventional TLS metrics.
Indexed as
NeoplasmsTertiary Lymphoid StructuresArtificial IntelligenceAtlases as TopicHumansSingle-Cell AnalysisSpatial TranscriptomicsTumor Microenvironment
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