ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2026
Neurodevelopmental Assessment, EEG Findings and Epilepsy in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Study.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study investigated the association between epilepsy and findings from neurological evaluations, including electroencephalography (EEG), neuroimaging, genetic testing, and developmental assessments, in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
methodsNinety-nine children with ASD (DSM-5-TR) were retrospectively evaluated at a tertiary center between 2012 and 2021. Data included demographics, EEG, neuroimaging, genetic testing, and developmental assessments.
resultsThe cohort was predominantly male (76.8%), with a mean age of 10.2 ± 4.7 years. EEG was performed in 51 patients, with abnormalities detected in 43.1%. Epilepsy was diagnosed in 22.2% (n = 22). Among 42 patients who underwent chromosomal microarray analysis, pathogenic variants were identified in 52.4%. Chi-square analysis showed significant associations between epilepsy and abnormal EEG findings (χ²=45.45, p < 0.001) and pathogenic variants (χ²=7.68, p = 0.006), but not gender (p = 0.823) or intellectual disability (p = 0.691). Logistic regression identified abnormal EEG findings as the strongest independent predictor of epilepsy (OR = 48.96, 95% CI: 12.90-190.97), followed by pathogenic variants (OR = 4.38, 95% CI: 1.64-12.10). EEG abnormalities were present in 77.3% of patients with seizures and 6.4% of those without seizures.
conclusionEEG abnormalities and epilepsy are highly prevalent in children with ASD. Abnormal EEG findings and pathogenic genetic variants were strong independent predictors of epilepsy in our cohort. EEG should be strongly considered in children with ASD, particularly those with seizures, developmental regression, unexplained paroxysmal events or pathogenic genetic variants. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether broader, potentially routine EEG at diagnosis is warranted in terms of diagnostic yield, cost-effectiveness and long-term outcomes.
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