A study on surface tension gradient flow of viscoelastic tetra hybrid nanofluid over a Riga plate with elastic deformation for improving thermal efficiency in industrial systems.

This work investigates the influence of heat source on the chemically reactive flow of Boger tetra hybrid nanofluid over a Riga plate using Marangoni convection and a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. The diffusion of tetra nanoparticles ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) in sodium alginate produces the tetra hybrid nanofluid. The Marangoni convection effect has been observed to include flow, mass and heat transmission. In nuclear reactors and electronic devices, where accurate temperature control is critical, this sophisticated fluid dynamics framework holds a vital role in improving the effectiveness of cooling systems. The model guarantees higher reaction rates and product yields by aiding in the development of cutting-edge coating technologies and chemical reactor optimization. The modelled boundary layer conservation equations are transformed into non-linear coupled ODEs using an appropriate transformation. Once the model equation system has been condensed using the proper similarity variables, it is numerically resolved using the shooting method and the traditional bvp4c solver. The findings show that with greater solvent fraction parameter values, the use of Boger fluid improves the tetra hybrid nanofluid's velocity profile and reduces its thermal field.