Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42207306›Full record

SynthesisSupportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer2026

Cancer patients' experiences of "time toxicity": a qualitative meta-synthesis.

Ziyi Li, Yanli Liu, Jiazhuo Zhang, Jiefang Duan, Wenjun Xiu, Wenyu Zhang, Li Zhang, Hui Yang

Abstract readReviewSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ziyi LiSchool of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China.
Yanli LiuSchool of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China. liuyanlishd@163.com.
Jiazhuo ZhangSchool of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China.
Jiefang DuanSchool of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China.
Wenjun XiuSchool of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China.
Wenyu ZhangSchool of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China.
Li ZhangSchool of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China.
Hui YangSchool of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo systematically review and synthesize qualitative studies on cancer patients' experiences of time toxicity, providing evidence to inform policy making.

methodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, and other databases for qualitative studies on cancer patients' experiences of time toxicity, from database inception to November 2025. Included studies were appraised using the 2016 edition of the JBI quality appraisal criteria for qualitative research from the Joanna Briggs Institute (Australia). Results were synthesized using an aggregation approach for meta-synthesis.

resultsTen studies were included. Forty-one themes were extracted, which were grouped into 11 categories and further consolidated into 4 synthesized findings: (1) multidimensional sources of time toxicity; (2) negative impacts of time toxicity; (3) coping strategies adopted to address time toxicity; and (4) positive experiences from investing time in treatment.

conclusionsTime toxicity has multidimensional effects on cancer patients' daily rhythms, psychological states, and social roles, and requires coordinated attention from healthcare professionals, society, and policy makers. Future efforts should build systemic support through integrating healthcare resources, optimizing service processes, and strengthening social support to reduce patients' time toxicity.

Indexed as

NeoplasmsAdaptation, PsychologicalHumansQualitative ResearchSocial SupportTime FactorsCancer patientsExperiencesMeta-synthesisQualitative researchTime toxicity

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.