Characterization and multivariate typology of goat farming systems in Kabylia region in the North of Algeria.

To better understand the dynamics of goat breeding systems, a face-to-face survey was conducted with 48 goat farmers in different localities of Tizi-Ouzou province in the Kabylia region. The study aimed to characterize local production systems and assess how socioeconomic factors such as age, gender, education level, and breeding experience influence goat rearing practices. Relationships between farmer characteristics and husbandry practices were examined using multivariate analyses (multiple correspondence and cluster analysis) to identify farm features and classify them into farming typologies. More than half of the farmers had a secondary school level, 27% had post-secondary education, and 6% were university graduates, while only 10% were illiterate. Goat breeding was predominantly carried out by men (88%), and the average farmer age was about 40 years. For nearly half of the respondents (49%), goat farming represented the primary source of income, while also contributing to self-consumption and family celebrations. Mixed farming with goats and sheep was common (51%), with some farmers also keeping cattle, poultry, horses, or donkeys. Herd sizes were generally small, with 71% owning fewer than 25 goats. Cluster analysis identified four farming typologies. Cluster 1 (11 farmers) represented an extensive or pastoral system. Cluster 2 (14 farmers) reflected an improved traditional farming system. Cluster 3 (18 farmers) corresponded to an improved traditional livestock system. Cluster 4 (5 farmers) consisted of more intensive systems with larger herds. Differences among clusters were mainly related to land use, facilities and equipment, grazing practices, herd expansion and size, and preventive health programs. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into goat rearing practices, contributing to a better understanding of local production systems in the mountainous region of Kabylia.