ArticleInternational journal of immunogenetics2026
Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA Levels Predict Renal Allograft Biopsy Findings in a UK Single-Centre Study. Results of the KORAD Study.
Article in International journal of immunogenetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Prior studies have shown that donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) predicts renal biopsy-defined transplant rejection with a high negative predictive value (NPV). However, these studies were not in UK-based cohorts. The KORAD study aimed to assess relationships between dd-cfDNA levels and biopsy-defined rejection in a UK kidney transplant cohort, along with relationships with DSA and creatinine levels. dd-cfDNA was determined using AlloSeq cfDNA (CareDx) and DSA was identified with LABScreen single-antigen beads (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Eighty samples from 78 transplant patients had concomitant dd-cfDNA, DSA and creatinine results. The median percentage of dd-cfDNA in plasma samples with concomitant DSA negative results was significantly less than in DSA positive samples (0.37% vs. 3.15%, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in the median percentage of dd-cfDNA in plasma samples with concomitant samples with elevated creatinine levels (0.41% vs. 0.36%, p = 0.779). Thirty-nine of these plasma samples had concomitant renal biopsy results. Thirty-two biopsies were negative for rejection and seven were positive for rejection. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that dd-cfDNA levels distinguished biopsy-defined rejection from no rejection with an acceptable AUC of 0.737 (95% CI, 0.485-0.987). The %dd-cfDNA threshold maximising overall correct classification was 0.7%. Using this threshold might have prevented 26 patients from undergoing renal biopsy unnecessarily, with two patients directed not to have a biopsy incorrectly (26 dd-cfDNA values being true negatives and two false negatives; NPV: 93% (95% CI, 83%-100%)), which outperformed the NPV for DSA: 88% (95% CI, 77%-99%) and creatinine 85% (95% CI, 69%-100%). We showed that the optimal dd-cfDNA threshold (0.7%) in this study was lower than the 1% threshold identified in non-UK studies. AlloSeq cfDNA (CareDx) with the optimal threshold showed an acceptable level of discrimination of biopsy-proven rejection and a potential to reduce the number of biopsies performed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.