Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42206203›Full record

ArticleGenetics in medicine open2026

Unravelling ring chromosome structures and formation mechanisms by short-read and long-read genomic sequencing.

Mei Ling Chong, Bruna Burssed, Chen Zhao, Jiadi Wen, Evelyn Ng, Bryan Szewczyk, Guilin Wang, Khi Pin Chua, Thomas Liehr, Ying Zou and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genetics in medicine open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Ring chromosomes uncovered by optical genome mapping: impact of telomeric-associated regions and reference genome selection on structural variant interpretation.Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Mei Ling ChongDepartment of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Bruna BurssedGenetics Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Chen ZhaoDepartment of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Jiadi WenDepartment of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Evelyn NgYale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Bryan SzewczykYale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Guilin WangYale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Khi Pin ChuaPacific Biosciences of California, Menlo Park, CA.
Thomas LiehrJena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany.
Ying ZouCytogenomics Laboratory, Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Jaclyn B MurryCytogenomics Laboratory, Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Frenny ShethDepartment of Cytogenetics and Molecular Cytogenetics, FRIGE Institute of Human Genetics, Ahmedabad, India.
Peining LiDepartment of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Maria Isabel MelaragnoGenetics Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Funding

High Performance Computing Instrumentation for the Yale Center for Genome AnalysisS10OD030363 · OD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MANE, SHRIKANT M · 2022 to 2022
$1.2M
Pacific Bioscience Sequel II sequencing system for the Yale Center for Genome Analysis (YCGA)S10OD028669 · OD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MANE, SHRIKANT M · 2020 to 2020
$407k
NIH HHS S10 OD028669NIH HHS S10 OD030363
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Ring chromosomes (RCs) are rare cytogenetic abnormalities involving copy-number variants and chromosome instability. Identifying the breakage-fusion sequences of RCs at nucleotide-level resolution can elucidate the cytogenomic rearrangements and ring formation mechanisms. Methods: This study used short-read genomic sequencing (srGS) and long-read genomic sequencing (lrGS) alongside the telomere-to-telomere reference genome to characterize the breakage-fusion events of 17 RC cases. Results: Complete RCs without loss of euchromatin by a fusion of subtelomeric or telomeric regions were noted in a RC14 and a RC20. Incomplete RCs with intrachromosomal copy-number variants were noted in 15 cases, including a RC3, a RC4, 4 RC13s, a RC14, 3 RC18s, a RC21, 3 RC22s, and an RCY. srGS defined breakage-fusion sequences in single-copy sequences, and lrGS mapped subtelomeric and pericentric repetitive sequences using the telomere-to-telomere reference genome. The breakage-fusion sequences revealed ring formation mechanisms by intrastrand nonhomology end joining in 5 RCs, microhomology-mediated end joining in 8 RCs, and microhomology-mediated break-induced replication in 4 RCs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the analytic validity and diagnostic utility of srGS and lrGS in delineating the genomic rearrangements in RCs for better interpreting clinico-cytogenomic correlations and further analysis of RC behavior in cell cycles.

Indexed as

Breakage-fusion sequenceRing chromosome (RC)Ring formation mechanismsShort-real and long-read genomic sequencing (srGS/lrGS)Telomere-to-telomere (T2T) reference genome

Identifiers

PMID42206203
PMCPMC13207348

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.