ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2026
Smoking-Attributable Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease from 1990 to 2021: Temporal Trends and Evidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study.
Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with smoking being the primary contributor. This study aims to assess the temporal and spatial trends in the burden of smoking-attributable COPD from 1990 to 2021 and project future trajectories, providing insights for COPD prevention strategies. Methods: The data were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, incorporating estimates and uncertainty intervals ( Results: From 1990 to 2021, global smoking-attributable COPD showed a divergence between rising absolute burden and declining ASRs. Deaths increased from 10,538 (95% Conclusion: Despite global progress in reducing the ASRs of smoking-related COPD, the absolute burden continues to rise. Further progress may require sustained tobacco control, earlier detection, and improved long-term COPD care, especially in settings where demographic pressures offset epidemiological gains.
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