ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Real-world effectiveness of first-line immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This real-world retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of first-line immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It also explored survival outcomes associated with domestically developed and internationally developed PD-1 inhibitors in China. Methods: Data were collected from 401 patients with stage IV NSCLC treated at Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital between January 2019 and December 2021, including 248 in the chemotherapy group and 153 in the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with or without chemotherapy group. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to evaluate survival differences, and Cox proportional hazards models were employed for subgroup analyses. Results: The median OS was significantly longer in the ICIs with or without chemotherapy group than in the chemotherapy group (22.0 months vs. 14.0 months, Conclusion: First-line immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy significantly improves survival compared with chemotherapy alone in advanced NSCLC. No statistically significant difference in overall survival was observed between domestically developed PD-1 inhibitors and pembrolizumab in this cohort; however, this comparison should be interpreted cautiously given the limited sample size, particularly in the internationally developed ICIs group.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.