ArticleNeurophotonics2026
Effect of sleep stage on patterns of fNIRS hemodynamic response to auditory paradigms in 1-month-old Gambian and UK infants.
Article in Neurophotonics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Significance: The developmental functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) literature relies heavily on measurements acquired during natural sleep, yet it remains unclear whether and how different sleep stages modulate infant hemodynamic responses and potentially confound interpretations of early brain activation. Aim: This study investigates the effect of quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS) on fNIRS-measured hemodynamic responses to two auditory paradigms-social selectivity and habituation and novelty detection (HaND)-in 1-month-old infants from the United Kingdom ( Approach: The infants were tested during natural sleep with an 18-channel bilateral frontal-temporal fNIRS array. Sleep stages were coded from video using a micro-coding scheme. Results: For the social selectivity paradigm, infants in both cohorts showed robust responses to vocal and non-vocal stimuli and non-vocal selectivity. In the HaND paradigm, UK infants in AS exhibited a higher initial response and stronger habituation in both chromophores than QS infants. In the Gambian cohort, infants in QS showed a more widespread initial response and evidence of habituation, whereas infants in AS did not. Conclusions: Sleep stage can modulate infant hemodynamic responses, with patterns differing across paradigms and cohorts, underscoring the importance of modeling sleep stages in neuroimaging studies with sleeping infants.
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