ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
High-frequency ultrasound combined with superb microvascular imaging for differential diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma and seborrheic keratosis: a retrospective analysis with nomogram implementation.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) combined with superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in differentiating basal cell carcinoma (BCC) from seborrheic keratosis (SK), and to develop a nomogram for individualized probability estimation. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 208 patients (49 BCC, 159 SK) with histopathologically confirmed lesions and complete preoperative HFUS and SMI records. Grayscale ultrasound assessed morphological features (size, depth, shape, margins, echogenicity, etc.), while SMI evaluated microvascular flow patterns and grading. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified independent predictors, and a nomogram was constructed to estimate the probability of BCC. Results: Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between BCC and SK in terms of age, lesion location, size, depth, morphology, internal echotexture, posterior acoustic features, and microvascular flow patterns (all Conclusion: HFUS combined with SMI provides a valuable non-invasive approach for differentiating BCC from SK. The developed nomogram, based on key ultrasound and clinical predictors, demonstrates good discriminative performance and offers a practical tool to support clinical decision-making, potentially reducing unnecessary biopsies and facilitating earlier detection of malignant lesions.
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