Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42205698›Full record

ArticleiScience2026

Twitching in sleeping premature infants provides a sensitive behavioral assay of early motor control.

Greta Sokoloff, Taylor G Christiansen, Hailey C Long, Lydia K Karr, Olivia K Kopp, Delaney N Kriz, Anna C Sanderson, Winni Liu, Isabel K Johnson, Brenda J Coulter and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Greta SokoloffDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Taylor G ChristiansenDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Hailey C LongDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Lydia K KarrDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Olivia K KoppDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Delaney N KrizDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Anna C SandersonDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Winni LiuDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Isabel K JohnsonDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Brenda J CoulterStead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Danielle R RiosStead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Tarah T ColaizyStead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Mark S BlumbergDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Funding

Sleep-related behavior and cortical activity in premature human infants as predictors of developmental outcomes.R01HD104616 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI Mark Samuel Blumberg · 2022 to 2026
$3.1M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD104616
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Limb twitching is among the earliest observable behaviors in human development and a hallmark of active (rapid eye movement, REM) sleep. Systematic assessments in full-term infants reveal a spatiotemporal organization of twitching that informal observation cannot. Because preterm infants spend even more time asleep and are at heightened risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, we provide the first systematic characterization of twitching at 34-35 weeks postmenstrual age. Preterm infants exhibit an immense quantity of twitching across the body, underscoring its potential functional significance. The spatiotemporal structure of twitching also changes with age, including a selective increase in finger and toe twitching. Unexpectedly, during periods of tracé alternant, a precursor to quiet sleep, twitching appears in brief bouts that are almost exclusively restricted to the legs. These findings show how this abundant but overlooked sleep behavior provides a sensitive assay of the developing neural control of movement, with implications for understanding typical and atypical development.

Indexed as

biological sciences

Identifiers

PMID42205698
PMCPMC13206651

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.