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ArticleEuropean clinical respiratory journal2026

Breath-by-breath: unmasking cardio-respiratory conditions through capnography waveforms - the general breathing record study.

Daniel M Neville, Rui Hen Lim, Elizabeth Hawke, Leeran Talker, Henry Broomfield, Cihan Dogan, Ahmed B Selim, Gabriel Lambert, Julian C Carter, Selina Begum and 7 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European clinical respiratory journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03356288 (An Observational Proof-of-concept Study to Explore the Waveform Characteristics of Tidal Breathing Carbon Dioxide), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03356288 completednot on this map

An Observational Proof-of-concept Study to Explore the Waveform Characteristics of Tidal Breathing Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Measured Using the N-Tidal C™ Device, in Different Breathing Conditions.

TypeobservationalSponsorTidalSenseRan2017 to 2018Enrolled70ConditionsAsthma, Heart Failure, Pneumonia, Motor Neuron Disease
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Daniel M NevilleRespiratory Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
Rui Hen LimMachine Learning / Hardware / Clinical Departments, TidalSense Limited, Cambridge, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2284-7410
Elizabeth HawkeMachine Learning / Hardware / Clinical Departments, TidalSense Limited, Cambridge, UK.
Leeran TalkerMachine Learning / Hardware / Clinical Departments, TidalSense Limited, Cambridge, UK.
Henry BroomfieldMachine Learning / Hardware / Clinical Departments, TidalSense Limited, Cambridge, UK.
Cihan DoganMachine Learning / Hardware / Clinical Departments, TidalSense Limited, Cambridge, UK.
Ahmed B SelimMachine Learning / Hardware / Clinical Departments, TidalSense Limited, Cambridge, UK.
Gabriel LambertMachine Learning / Hardware / Clinical Departments, TidalSense Limited, Cambridge, UK.
Julian C CarterMachine Learning / Hardware / Clinical Departments, TidalSense Limited, Cambridge, UK.
Selina BegumRespiratory Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
Ruth De VosRespiratory Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
Paul KalraRespiratory Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
Matthew QuintRespiratory Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
Kayode AdenijiRespiratory Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
Thomas P BrownRespiratory Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
Ameera X PatelMachine Learning / Hardware / Clinical Departments, TidalSense Limited, Cambridge, UK.
Anoop J ChauhanRespiratory Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: In an increasingly global comorbid population, there are significant challenges to diagnosing the cause of breathlessness. Furthermore, once chronic respiratory conditions have been diagnosed, there is considerable difficulty in detecting deterioration early enough to provide timely, effective intervention. Current methods of diagnosing and monitoring conditions that cause breathlessness, such as asthma and chronic heart failure, can be extensive and difficult to perform. Methods: This observational, proof-of-concept study explored the potential of high-resolution capnography to differentiate respiratory and cardiac conditions causing breathlessness. Using an early model of the N-Tidal device, we analysed capnography waveforms from participants with severe asthma, chronic heart failure, and pneumonia, and compared them to healthy baseline controls. Results: A moderate correlation was observed between alpha angle and spirometry metrics in asthma (r Conclusion: These results suggest that high-resolution capnography may offer promise for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of cardiorespiratory conditions. Trial registration: NCT03356288 (registered on 7 September 2017).

Indexed as

asthmabreathlessnessCapnographychronic heart failurepneumonia

Identifiers

PMID42205504
PMCPMC13202639

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.