ArticleInfection and drug resistance2026
Prevalence of Pneumonia and Its Associated Factors Among Children Under Five Years in Eastern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study.
Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Pneumonia remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five, accounting for 740,180 deaths globally and 14% of all under-five deaths. In Uganda, it is the second leading cause of mortality in this age group. Despite several studies on pneumonia risk factors, findings have been inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia in children under five in Eastern Uganda. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 385 children aged 2 to 59 months admitted to the pediatric ward. Pneumonia diagnosis followed the 2014 WHO guidelines and the Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) classification. Data on socio-demographic, socioeconomic, child-related, and facility-related factors were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics determined prevalence, while logistic regression analysis using SPSS version 27 assessed factors associated with pneumonia. Results: The study found that the prevalence of pneumonia among children under five was 25.2% (95% CI: 19.1-31.2%). The factors which were found to be associated with pneumonia include; use of grass as roofing material for the house (AOR: 4.658, P-value=0.016), child being malnourished (AOR: 15.749, P-value<0.001), child not exclusively breastfed (AOR: 3.588, P-value= 0.044), child not having received vitamin A supplementation (AOR: 12.624, P-value=0.021), and staying beyond 5 km from the nearest health facility (AOR: 6.160, P-value= 0.011). Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of pneumonia among children under five in Eastern Uganda, significantly exceeding the global target of 2.5%. The factors which were found to be associated with pneumonia included, being from household using grass as roofing material, malnutrition, nonexclusively breastfed, lack of vitamin A supplementation, staying a distance of more than 5 km from nearest health facility. These findings underpin a need for integrated community and policy-level interventions that improve child nutrition, promote optimal infant feeding practices, enhance preventive care, and strengthen access to healthcare services, while addressing underlying socioeconomic and environmental determinants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.