ArticleInternational journal of women's health2026
Association Between Educational Attainment and the Risk of Gynecological Malignancies: A Mediation Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in International journal of women's health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Gynecological malignancies are a significant burden for women, yet the causal link between educational attainment and gynecological cancer risk, along with the mediators, remains unclear. Therefore, the mendelian randomization method was employed to investigate the association between educational attainment and endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer, and quantified the proportion of the relationship potentially mediated by intermediate risk factors. Patients and Methods: Genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were employed as tools, primarily employing the inverse-variance weighted method, supplemented by four other sensi-tivity methods. Mediation proportion (β Results: Higher educational attainment (per SD) was associated with reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR 0.71, 0.61-0.83), ovarian cancer (OR 0.84, 0.73-0.97), and cervical cancer (OR 0.60, 0.38-0.95). Education causally influenced 18 potential mediators. Body mass index (OR 1.89; 95% CI: 1.69-2.11), body fat percentage (OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.48-3.00), age at menopause (OR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.10-1.38), fasting insulin (OR 2.07; 95% CI: 1.13-3.83), testosterone (OR 1.58; 95% CI: 1.38-1.82), and sex hormone-binding globulin (OR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75-0.91) causally influenced endometrial cancer, explaining 42.23%, 41.67%, -11.05%, 35.84%, 8.80%, and 9.82% of education's total effect, respectively. Body mass index (OR 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02-1.24) and age at menopause (OR 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02-1.24) also had causal effects on ovarian cancer, mediating 15.16% and -12.03% of education's effect. Conclusion: The mendelian randomization analysis reveals the potential causal mechanisms underlying the association between education and the risk of endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Interventions targeting obesity (body mass index and body fat percentage), age at menopause, fasting insulin, testosterone, and SHBG may reduce the incidence of endometrial cancer associated with lower educational levels. For ovarian cancer, intervention strategies targeting body mass index and age at menopause could be key to help prevent ovarian cancer. These public health interventions could help mitigate health disparities caused by social inequality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.