Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42205114›Full record

Trial reportDepression and anxiety2026

Virtual Reality Exposure-Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT + VRE) vs. CBT With Imaginal Exposure (CBT + IE) for Adolescent Patients Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Parisa Azimisefat, Samin Ravanbod, Ad de Jongh, Maryam AdliHamzehkhanlou, Fateme Jamshidi, Yousef Dehghani, Farzaneh Yazdani, Philipp Herzog

Erratum issuedAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Depression and anxiety, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Parisa AzimisefatDepartment of Psychology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran, pgu.ac.ir.ORCID 0000-0001-8673-4491
Samin RavanbodDepartment of Psychology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran, pgu.ac.ir.ORCID 0009-0001-9364-4600
Ad de JonghResearch Department, PSYTREC, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Bilthoven, Netherlands, vu.nl.ORCID 0000-0001-6031-9708
Maryam AdliHamzehkhanlouDepartment of Educational Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye, atauni.edu.tr.ORCID 0009-0009-2768-1567
Fateme JamshidiDepartment of Psychology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran, pgu.ac.ir.ORCID 0000-0002-9895-806X
Yousef DehghaniDepartment of Psychology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran, pgu.ac.ir.ORCID 0000-0003-2717-9322
Farzaneh YazdaniDepartment of Psychology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran, pgu.ac.ir.ORCID 0000-0002-9751-8011
Philipp HerzogDepartment of Psychology, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8267-2083

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with imaginal exposure (CBT + IE) and CBT combined with virtual reality exposure (CBT + VRE) for symptoms of social anxiety disorder (SAD) and fear of negative evaluation (FNE) in adolescents. Methods: In a three-armed randomized controlled trial (RCT), a total of 51 adolescents who met the DSM-5 criteria for SAD were randomly assigned to either CBT + IE ( Results: A linear mixed model (LMM) analysis revealed significant differences between the treatment groups and WLCC in interaction with the three assessment times in SAD and FNE. A significant reduction of both CBT + VRE and CBT + IE treatments on symptoms of SAD from pretreatment to posttreatment and 3 months follow-up ( Conclusion: The results support the effectiveness of CBT + IE and CBT + VRE in reducing the symptoms of SAD and FNE, which were maintained 3 months after treatment. Future research should focus on optimizing VRE protocols, exploring long-term outcomes, and investigating its applicability across diverse populations. Further exploration of the cost-effectiveness and accessibility of VR technology in clinical settings is required.

Indexed as

Cognitive Behavioral TherapyImplosive TherapyPhobia, SocialVirtual Reality Exposure TherapyAdolescentCombined Modality TherapyFemaleHumansMalePilot ProjectsTreatment Outcomeadolescentscognitive behavior therapyfear of negative evaluationsocial anxiety disordervirtual reality exposure

Identifiers

PMID42205114
PMCPMC13201251

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.