ArticleJournal of the science of food and agriculture2026
Assessing the hidden risks of non-thermal processing: Ultrasound-induced toxicity of cashew apple juice in a zebrafish model.
Article in Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh-intensity ultrasound is widely advocated for the preservation of liquid foods; however, the potential formation or release of toxic compounds during processing remains under-investigated. This study evaluated the toxicological profile of cashew apple juice processed by high-intensity ultrasound (1250, 1875, and 2500 W;L⁻¹) using two biological models of differing complexity: brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and zebrafish (Danio rerio).
resultsNeither unprocessed nor sonicated juice exhibited acute toxicity in A. salina nauplii. In contrast, D. rerio assays revealed significant, parameter-dependent developmental toxicity in sonicated samples, whereas unprocessed juice proved biocompatible. Sonication induced severe morphological anomalies in zebrafish, including cardiac edema, spinal curvature, and growth retardation. Toxicity was inversely related to treatment duration; short processing times (5 min) induced higher mortality and morbidity than longer durations (15 min), suggesting the degradation of toxic compounds during extended processing.
conclusionThese findings demonstrate that D. rerio is a more sensitive model than A. salina for assessing the safety of non-thermally processed foods in the tested conditions. Although ultrasound is effective, processing parameters can critically alter the toxicological profile of the food matrix, highlighting the need for comprehensive safety evaluations using sensitive vertebrate models prior to industrial application. © 2026 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.