ArticleRespiratory research2026
Evaluation of 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one-induced human pulmonary toxicity using integrated air-liquid-interface and a lung-on-chip.
Article in Respiratory research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A 3:1 disinfectant composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) has been widely used in water-based household products such as detergents, toothpaste, and cosmetic applications. In the United States, it was classified as a pesticide in 1998 and designated as a Category 2 dermal-toxicity substance for cosmetics. Several studies in the Republic of Korea have reported that components of humidifier disinfectants (HDs) such as polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), CMIT, and MIT cause chronic pulmonary conditions. However, its toxicity is still controversial because of the discrepant results between human cases and animal experiments. We recapitulate the in vivo characteristics of the pulmonary epithelial cells and introduce an air-liquid interface (ALI) system to replicate acute inhalation injury. To assess compound-specific toxicity in the human airway, NHBE cells were first differentiated under ALI conditions and then exposed to MIT under submerged conditions. In parallel,
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