ArticleReproductive health2026
Compliance with WHO-recommended eight+ antenatal care contacts among adolescent and young mothers in Kenya: policy implications from the 2022 Kenya demographic health survey.
Article in Reproductive health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionIn 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised antenatal care (ANC) guidelines, recommending a minimum of eight ANC contacts among pregnant women to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. However, little is known about the compliance with this recommendation among adolescent and young mothers in Kenya. This study assessed the compliance with the WHO recommended eight + ANC contacts and associated factors among adolescent and young mothers in Kenya.
methodsThis was a secondary analysis of the 2022 Kenya Demographic Health Survey (KDHS). Adolescent and young mothers aged 15-24 years who had given birth in the five years preceding the survey were included. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were used to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with compliance with the WHO recommended 8 + ANC contacts. Sampling weights were applied to account for survey design.
results3,458 adolescent and young mothers were included in the study. Of these, 735 (21.3%) were aged 15-19 years and 2,723 (78.7%) were aged 20-24 years. Most of them were married 1,853 (53.6%), had secondary level of education 1,732 (50.1%), and resided in rural areas 2,320 (67.1%). The majority 2,443 (70.7%) initiated ANC contacts in the second/third trimester, while 1,015 (29.3%) began within the first trimester. Overall, only 131(3.78%) of the study population complied with the recommended 8 + ANC contacts. Mothers who initiated their ANC contacts in the 2nd or 3rd trimester had 99% less odds of being compliant with the recommended 8 + ANC contacts (AOR: 0.01; 95% CI: 0-0.03). Those who delivered in health facilities had 3.33 times the odds of complying with the 8 + ANC contacts compared to those who delivered at home or elsewhere (AOR: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.30-8.55).
conclusionCompliance with the WHO-recommended 8 + ANC contacts among adolescent and young mothers in Kenya was very low. Early ANC initiation and facility-based delivery were the key factors associated with the compliance. Tailored interventions that encourage timely ANC and promote health facility-based delivery are needed to enhance compliance among this group.
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