Observational studyCritical care (London, England)2026
Time course of energy expenditure in persistent critical illness: a prospective multicentre study.
Observational study in Critical care (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05124860 (A Longitudinal Investigation of Energy Expenditure and Substrate Utilization in Critically Ill Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Longitudinal Investigation of Energy Expenditure and Substrate Utilization in Critically Ill Patients: a Prospective Observational Multi-center Study
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMetabolic alterations are a fundamental part of critical illness, but changes during prolonged ICU stay are inadequately understood. This study aimed to describe longitudinal trends in energy expenditure and substrate utilisation in persistent critical illness, defined as an ICU stay of ≥ 10 days.
methodsThis prospective, observational, multicentre study was conducted from 2022 to 2024 at five European and two Australian ICUs. The primary outcome was the change in energy expenditure over time. Adult patients with ≥ 1 indirect calorimetry and length of stay ≥ 10 days were included. Clinical parameters, markers of inflammation and protein catabolism were collected at each measurement. Longitudinal trends were analysed using mixed-effects models with restricted cubic splines. Latent class analysis was performed with identical covariates.
results433 patients with 1194 measurements were included. The mean age was 56 years, and 70% were male. An initial increase in energy expenditure, peaking around day 10, and subsequent decline were found (p < 0.001), remaining significant after adjustment for sex, age, CRP, FiO2, presence of fever, BMI, renal replacement therapy, administered protein as fixed effects and patient and site as random effects (p = 0.001, conditional R² = 0.76). The association between the respiratory quotient and time was non-significant (p = 0.067). The urea: creatinine ratio increased over the first 10 days (p < 0.001). Latent class analysis identified three trajectories of energy expenditure: hypo-, normo-, and hypermetabolism (entropy 0.63).
conclusionsMean energy expenditure follows a biphasic pattern during prolonged ICU stay, with the inflection point coinciding with the empirical onset of persistent critical illness. Further research is required to validate potential metabolic subgroups and explore their biological correlates in this population.
trial registrationThe study, including the statistical analysis plan, was prospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05124860, registered 2021-11-15).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.