Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42204445›Full record

ArticleJournal of nursing management2026

Workload Pressure Among Nurses in Central Europe: Implications for Human Resource Management in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.

Katarzyna Tomaszewska, Bożena Majchrowicz, Helena Kadučáková, Anna Krátká, Erika Durejova, Krzysztof Kalita, Krystyna Kowalczuk

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nursing management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Katarzyna TomaszewskaDepartment of Nursing, Institute of Health Protection, The Bronisław Markiewicz Academy of Applied Sciences, Jarosław, Poland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-9107
Bożena MajchrowiczDepartment of Health Sciences and Psychology, Institute of Nursing, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland, ur.edu.pl.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-1407
Helena KadučákováDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Ružomberok, 034 01, Slovakia, ku.sk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3427-8583
Anna KrátkáDepartment of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zlín, 760 01, Czech Republic, utb.cz.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-0342
Erika DurejovaUstredna Vojenska Nemocnica, Ružomberok, Slovakia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6795-5617
Krzysztof KalitaBureau of Statistical Research and Analysis, Rzeszow, Poland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9214-6685
Krystyna KowalczukDepartment of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland, umb.edu.pl.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5680-8859

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionNurses constitute the largest professional group in the healthcare system. Their work, which requires constant contact with patients, families, and medical staff, involves the risk of excessive psychological and physical strain. Understanding the mechanisms of work overload is crucial both for patient safety and for the professional well-being of staff.

aimThe aim of this study was to examine whether excessive workload is present among professionally active nurses in Poland, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. MATERIAL AND

methodsThe study was conducted among three groups of nurses employed in hospitals in Poland, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. The survey was carried out from September 2024 to the end of March 2025. The study sample included 260 Polish nurses, 236 Slovak nurses, and 258 Czech nurses. The research tool consisted of a proprietary questionnaire covering sociodemographic data, as well as the standardized KONOP Work Overload Symptom Questionnaire. The chi-square test for independence was used for statistical analysis. To assess the strength of associations, Phi and Cramér's V coefficients were applied. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for nonparametric comparison of differences. Correlations between ordinal or quantitative variables were analyzed using Spearman's rho coefficient.

resultsNurses from Poland obtained the highest scores for loss of control over work, perfectionistic work style, and perceived organizational oppressiveness. The highest scores for general attitudes toward work were recorded among Slovak nurses. Statistically significant differences between the groups were found across all scales of the KONOP questionnaire. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The country of professional practice differentiates the level of excessive workload among nurses. The greater intensity of selected dimensions of workaholism among Polish nurses may indicate a higher organizational burden and stronger occupational pressure. The findings suggest the need to implement preventive measures aimed at reducing work overload and improving the organizational conditions of nurses' work environments.

Indexed as

NursesWorkloadAdultCzech RepublicFemaleHumansJob SatisfactionMaleMiddle AgedPolandSlovakiaSurveys and QuestionnairesKONOP questionnairenurseoccupational stressworkloadwork overload

Identifiers

PMID42204445
PMCPMC13215978

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.