ArticleSubstance use & misuse2026
Longitudinal Associations Between Other-Sex Close Friends and Alcohol Use is a Between-, Not Within-, Person Process.
Article in Substance use & misuse, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
backgroundAdolescents are more likely to use alcohol if close friends are characterized as majority other-sex. The extent to which the association between proportion of other-sex close friends and adolescent alcohol use is directional and/or reciprocal is unclear. Although evidence is mixed for male adolescents, higher proportion of other-sex close friends is associated with increased risk of alcohol use for female adolescents.
methodsThis study examined whether proportion of other-sex close friends and alcohol use predicted each other longitudinally and if associations differed by sex. Participants were 1021 adolescents (
resultsAlcohol use and proportion of other-sex close friends were relatively stable traits, with other-sex close friends' autoregressive accumulation more pronounced at later timepoints. There were no observed concurrent nor cross-lagged associations, indicating no reciprocal association within individuals. However, there was a positive between-person association, wherein adolescents with a higher proportion of other-sex close friends had, on average, greater alcohol involvement.
conclusionsResults suggest that the influence of other-sex close friends on alcohol use is a between-, not within-, person process. Thus, theory purporting a within-person reciprocal mechanism may not be pertinent within the context of other-sex close friendships.
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