ReviewCommunications medicine2026
Applying a causal biopsychosocial model to guide medicine and psychiatry fifty years after Engel.
Review in Communications medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Early warning indicator system for adolescent student mental health: theoretical construction of the relationship-belief-process-state model.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fifty years after George L. Engel proposed the biopsychosocial model to replace biomedical reductionism, its influence across medical disciplines, including psychiatry, endures but its scientific potential remains unrealized. Conceived as a foundation for research, education and clinical practice, Engel's model anticipated the current search for integrative explanations linking biological, psychological and social processes. Yet in practice, it has often become a checklist rather than a causal framework. Contemporary tools, including computational modeling, network analysis, digital phenotyping and causal inference methods, enable increasingly sophisticated modeling and partial testing of these interactions across different levels of organization. This Perspective calls for a causal biopsychosocial framework to guide the next fifty years of research, teaching, and patient care that integrates measurable and predictive sciences of interacting systems to unite medicine and psychiatry.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.