ArticleScientific reports2026
Monte carlo study of detection limit for gold nanoparticles within small animal sized object during benchtop X-ray fluorescence computed tomography.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This Monte Carlo (MC) study investigated theoretically achievable detection limits of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) present within a small-animal-sized phantom during benchtop x-ray fluorescence (XRF) computed tomography (XFCT) imaging based on the detection of gold K-shell XRF photons emitted from GNPs. The MC model was based on our experimental benchtop cone-beam XFCT system, reflecting an anticipated upgrade adopting a larger field-of-view pixelated cadmium-telluride detector that fully covers a 3 cm-diameter PMMA phantom including three 6 mm-diameter cylindrical holes filled with various concentrations of GNPs. It was validated by comparing the MC results with experimental data acquired under identical conditions using a 1.8 mm-Sn-filtered 125 kVp beam. The MC simulations were then extended to investigate GNP detection limits across a range of x-ray doses, GNP concentrations, and incident x-ray beam spectra. Assuming an ideal detector, the GNP detection limits of 104-140 ppm at 1.775 cGy and 69-88 ppm at 3.55 cGy were achievable with the 1.8 mm Sn-filtered 125 kVp beam. When hypothetical monochromatic beams with their energy above the gold K-edge were employed, the GNP detection limits were improved by up to three-folds at a given dose (e.g., 34-70 ppm at 1.775 cGy with the 85 keV beam).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.