Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42204170›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Long-term spatiotemporal evolution of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China.

Yiwang Chen, Jialei Liang, Dongxin Liu, Peng Xu, Qi Jiang, Tingting Yang, Qingyun Liu, Howard E Takiff, Sebastien Gagneux, Qian Gao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yiwang ChenKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. yiwang.chen@rutgers.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-2768-1208
Jialei LiangKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Dongxin LiuNational Pathogen Resource Center, Laboratory Management Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing, China.
Peng XuNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Qi JiangSchool of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3872-6312
Tingting YangClinical Laboratory Experiment Center, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Qingyun LiuDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5050
Howard E TakiffInstituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0480-0860
Sebastien GagneuxSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-9048
Qian GaoKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. qiangao@fudan.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-3672

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2025M782580China Postdoctoral Science Foundation GZB20250354National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 32470186National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82272376
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibiotics have been used to treat tuberculosis for over 80 years, yet the long-term evolutionary dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) under antibiotic pressure remain poorly characterized at the population level. Here, we analyze more than 18,000 available Mtb genomes to reconstruct the temporal and spatial evolution of drug resistance across China. We observe that resistance mutations to different drugs arose repeatedly, giving rise to hundreds to over a thousand small drug-resistant clades that mostly emerged within the past two decades. Once established, transmission of these clades was predominantly sustained within provinces, but could expand geographically with increased human mobility and bacterial fitness. In addition, we integrate published genomic and CRISPRi screening data to identify mutations associated with the emergence and transmission of drug resistance. Our study highlights the importance of human migration and bacterial adaptation in shaping local epidemics of drug-resistant tuberculosis in China.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialEvolution, MolecularMycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantAntitubercular AgentsChinaGenome, BacterialHumansMutationPhylogenySpatio-Temporal AnalysisAntitubercular Agents

Identifiers

PMID42204170
PMCPMC13408820

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.