ArticleArchives of sexual behavior2026
Reconsidering the Scope and Mechanisms of the Birth Order Effect on Sexual Orientation.
Article in Archives of sexual behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A Pocket History of Research on Family Composition and Sexual Orientation.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Large-scale research in the past few years has confirmed the many previous findings that individuals with a greater number of older siblings (i.e., a higher birth order) have a greater probability of homosexuality. The birth order effect is now among the better-established empirical findings in research on human homosexuality. These studies have, at the same time, challenged the conclusion that the birth order effect is caused solely by older brothers and that its impact is limited to younger brothers. Rather, the available evidence now suggests that females are also, and perhaps equally, involved in the phenomenon. The newer findings, therefore, necessitate reconsideration of the hypothesis that the underlying mechanism involves a straightforward maternal immune response to male-specific (i.e., Y-chromosome-linked) fetal antigen. The present document argues that a maternal immune response of some kind nevertheless remains the most likely explanation of the birth order effect and suggests testable modified interpretations of the data.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.