ArticleTranslational psychiatry2026
Hippocampal rhythm modulation via frequency-tuned trigeminal nerve stimulation.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) is a non-invasive method for modulating brain activity through peripheral afferent pathways. Although pulse-based stimulation has been commonly used, the impact of sinusoidal alternating current stimulation of the trigeminal nerve (TN-ACS) on hippocampal network activity remains unclear. This study examined the effects of TN-ACS delivered at 8 Hz (theta) and 40 Hz (gamma) on neuronal activity in the rat hippocampus. We applied 3 min of TN-ACS at different frequencies in rats and recorded neural activity from the hippocampus using multi-channel electrophysiology. We analyzed spike-phase entrainment in CA1, spike rate, power spectral changes in local field potentials (LFP, focusing on off-frequency stimulation effects), and spike-field coherence between CA3 LFPs and CA1 spikes. Our results showed that TN-ACS modulated hippocampal dynamics in a frequency-specific manner. 40 Hz stimulation enhanced spike-phase locking in CA1, while 8 Hz did not. At the single neuron level, theta-band coherence between CA3 LFPs and CA1 spikes showed a wide range of effects. At the group level, theta-band coherence decreased during 8 Hz stimulation and increased during 40 Hz stimulation. Spike rates remained stable across all conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that TN-ACS can entrain hippocampal spike timing and modulate interregional coherence without affecting overall firing rates. These novel findings indicate that TN-ACS can selectively shape deep brain rhythms, highlighting 40 Hz TN-ACS as a promising intervention for targeting memory-related processes.
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