ArticleNeurotoxicology2026
Comparing effects of gaseous vs. particulate components of traffic-related air pollution on Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in a genetically susceptible rat model.
Article in Neurotoxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Epidemiological data link traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) to increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementia (ADRD), and while experimental animal studies corroborate this association, most utilized exposure paradigms that failed to recapitulate the complexity of current, real-world TRAP exposure. Furthermore, the specific components of TRAP that promote AD pathogenesis remain unknown. This study assesses AD-relevant pathology in a transgenic rat model of AD (TgF344-AD) following chronic exposure to the gas phase vs. particulate matter (PM) components of TRAP in emissions from light-duty only (LDV) vs. combined light- and heavy-duty (LDV+HDV) vehicles. Male and female TgF344-AD rats were transported to the Caldecott Tunnel Exposure Facility (CTEF) at 1 month of age after being randomly assigned to one of six exposure groups: (1) filtered air (FA), (2) LDV+HDV gases only; (3) LDV PM only; (4) LDV+HDV PM only; (5) LDV PM and gases; and (6) LDV+HDV PM and gases. AD-relevant endpoints were quantified in 4-, 9-, 12-, and 15- month-old animals. Cortical Aβ levels at the 4, 9, and 15-month timepoints were significantly influenced by sex-by-exposure interactions. Amyloid plaque accumulation in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus exhibited significant sex-dependent effects at 9 and 12 months so males and females were analyzed separately across all timepoints. At 9 months, females exposed to LDV+HDV PM had increased amyloid plaques in the hippocampus, and at 15 months, both females and males exposed to LDV PM and females exposed to LDV PM and gases exhibited significantly increased plaque levels in the entorhinal cortex. The rate of plaque accumulation over all four time points was accelerated in the entorhinal cortices of both sexes exposed to LDV and LDV+HDV PM alone or in combination with gases. There were no exposure effects on phosphorylated tau or Thioflavin S staining; however, the rate of neuronal cell loss with increasing age was significantly increased by exposure to LDV emissions in both females and males. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that chronic exposure to ambient TRAP in real-time promoted AD-relevant outcomes in the TgF344-AD rat with effects that varied according to age, sex, and brain region. TRAP effects occurred more prominently in groups exposed to LDV PM. Further research is needed to determine the mechanism(s) by which sex-dependent TRAP effects exacerbate AD pathogenesis so that effective interventions can be developed to improve the health of the aging brain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.