ArticlePoultry science2026
FOXO3 regulated granulosa cells apoptosis and AKT1 phosphorylation in Muscovy duck follicles (Cairina moschata).
Article in Poultry science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- In vivo evidence for FOXO3-mediated suppression of primordial follicle activation in chickens.Poultry science · 2026Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
The intense broody behavior of Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) is a substantial negative impact on the efficiency of egg production. Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) is a key regulator of female reproduction. It can enhance ovarian functions such as ovulation and follicle development. This study aimed to investigate the differential expression of FOXO3 between laying and broody ducks, to characterize its regulatory effects on granulosa cells (GCs) function, and to evaluate its potential as a molecular breeding marker for reducing broodiness. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis demonstrated that FOXO3 expression was significantly higher in ovarian tissues of laying Muscovy ducks (LD) compared to broody Muscovy ducks (BD) (P < 0.01). FOXO3 expression was also significantly higher in larger developing follicles (>6 mm) than in follicles measuring 2-6 mm. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) results showed that serum prolactin (PRL) levels were significantly higher in BD than in LD group (P < 0.01). Functional assays were performed in primary granulosa cells (GCs) using FOXO3 overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown. Overexpression of FOXO3 inhibited GCs proliferation, markedly increased the Caspase3, BAX/BCL2 protein ratio (P < 0.01), and enhanced cellular apoptosis level (P < 0.01). FOXO3 overexpression also significantly increased the autophagy-related proteins LC3 (P < 0.01) and Beclin1 (P < 0.05), while downregulating hormone‑related genes specifically expressed in GCs (StAR, CYP11A1, FSHR, ESR2, LHR). Further investigation showed that high FOXO3 expression increased AKT1 phosphorylation. Conversely, FOXO3 knockdown downregulated mRNA levels of apoptosis and autophagy‑related genes, including Caspase3, BAX, LC3, Beclin1, and FasL, with corresponding reductions in LC3 (P < 0.01) and Beclin1 (P < 0.05) protein levels. Hormone‑related genes (CYP11A1, FSHR, ESR2) and p-AKT1 protein levels showed minimal change under low FOXO3 expression. These findings suggest that high levels of FOXO3 increase AKT1 phosphorylation, regulate GCs apoptosis and influence the expressional level of hormone-related genes in Muscovy duck follicles. FOXO3 regulates the GCs apoptosis in follicles, as well as follicular development. This provides novel insights into its role in reducing broody behavior and potential applications in Muscovy duck breeding.
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