Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42201906›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus co-infection among people living with HIV in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

Josphat Kosgei, Walter Jaoko, Julius Oyugi, Natalie Burns, Jonah Maswai, John Owuoth, Valentine Sing'oei, Emmanuel Bahemana, Abdulwasiu B Tiamiyu, Hannah Kibuuka and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Josphat KosgeiU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kericho, Kenya.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-524X
Walter JaokoCollege of Health Science, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Julius OyugiCollege of Health Science, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Natalie BurnsU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland United States of America.
Jonah MaswaiU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kericho, Kenya.
John OwuothU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kisumu, Kenya.
Valentine Sing'oeiU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kisumu, Kenya.
Emmanuel BahemanaU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Mbeya, Tanzania.
Abdulwasiu B TiamiyuU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Abuja, Nigeria.
Hannah KibuukaMakerere University Walter Reed Program, Kampala, Uganda.
Leigh Anne EllerU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland United States of America.
Julie A AkeU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland United States of America.
Neha ShahU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland United States of America.
Trevor A CrowellU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-265X
African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) Study Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share transmission routes and are associated with morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the prevalence and demographic predictors of HBV co-infection among people living with HIV (PLWH) can inform integrated screening and treatment strategies.

methodsWe analyzed enrollment data from the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS), a prospective study of participants aged ≥15 years with and without HIV across 12 clinical sites in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Nigeria. HBV was diagnosed via hepatitis B surface antigen (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Descriptive statistics summarized HBV prevalence by HIV status and demographic characteristics. Relative risk (RR) of HBV among PLWH compared to people without HIV was calculated. Among PLWH, multivariable logistic regression identified odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors independently associated with HBV co-infection.

resultsAmong 4,241 participants with valid HBV results, 3,439 were PLWH. HBV prevalence was 4.7% among PLWH and 4.2% among people without HIV (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.77-1.59). Among PLWH, HBV prevalence was highest in Nigeria and lowest in Kenya (11.1% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001), higher among males than females (6.7% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001, and highest in participants aged ≥40 years and lowest in participants aged 15-19 years (5.8% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, male sex (OR: 2.22 [95%CI: 1.59-3.09]), Nigeria residence (OR: 5.19 [95%CI: 3.35-8.05]), and age ≥ 40 (OR: 2.99 [95%CI: 1.74-5.13]) were independently associated with HBV co-infection.

conclusionRoutine HBV screening and targeted interventions are needed within HIV programs, especially for older males and in high-prevalence settings like Nigeria.

Indexed as

CoinfectionHepatitis BHIV InfectionsAdolescentAdultAfrica South of the SaharaFemaleHepatitis B virusHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSub-Saharan African PeopleYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID42201906
PMCPMC13215549

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC0
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.