Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42201071›Full record

ArticleJournal of xenobiotics2026

Antioxidant Therapy Reverses Hepatotoxicity Induced by Microcystin-LR in a Cellular Model of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).

Apurva Lad, Jason Kindle, Prajwal Hegde, Gabriel G Kleer, Andrew L Kleinhenz, Johnna A Birbeck, Judy Westrick, Nicholas J Peraino, Terry D Hinds, Neeraja Purandare and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of xenobiotics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Toxins · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Apurva LadDepartment of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6073-7432
Jason KindleDepartment of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
Prajwal HegdeDepartment of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
Gabriel G KleerDepartment of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
Andrew L KleinhenzDepartment of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
Johnna A BirbeckDepartment of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 43614, USA.
Judy WestrickDepartment of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 43614, USA.
Nicholas J PerainoDepartment of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 43614, USA.
Terry D HindsDrug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7599-1529
Neeraja PurandareDepartment of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
Andrew M FribleyDepartment of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2046-1600
Steven T HallerDepartment of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6919-6342
David J KennedyDepartment of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5265-0142

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a potent hepatotoxin that has been shown to cause liver damage even at doses lower than the established Low Observable Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) of 200 μg/kg in animal models. We have previously observed that low-dose exposure to MC-LR in animals with diet-induced Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and subsequent treatment with antioxidants like N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the Na

Indexed as

antioxidantscyanotoxinsMASLDmicrocystin-LRN-acetylcysteineobesityoxidative stresspNaKtide

Identifiers

PMID42201071
PMCPMC13214806

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.