ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2026
Haemodynamic correlates of bilateral 6 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation during working memory enhancement revealed by fNIRS.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Theta-band transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has been proposed to enhance working memory (WM) by entraining endogenous oscillations, yet the haemodynamic signatures accompanying theta-tACS-related WM gains remain unclear. We investigated whether 6 Hz tACS modulates prefrontal task-evoked haemodynamic responses during WM and whether such changes relate to behavioral improvement. Methods: In a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled design, healthy adults (18-30 years) were allocated to 6 Hz tACS or sham (initially Results: After fNIRS quality control, 44 participants were included in the final analysis; six participants were excluded because more than 30% of channels were identified as low quality. Relative to sham, 6 Hz tACS produced greater improvements in backward Digit Span and total Digit Span. In the N-back task, accuracy improved selectively under the high-load 3-back condition (between-group change: [F Conclusion: Bilateral 6 Hz tACS selectively enhances high-load WM accuracy and is accompanied by increased task-evoked haemodynamic activation in the left DLPFC. The observed brain-behavior coupling suggests that theta-frequency neuromodulation may facilitate executive control under high cognitive demand via strengthened prefrontal neurovascular responses.
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