ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Trends in the diagnosis of variant bladder cancer: a national retrospective cohort analysis.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: The diagnosis of variant bladder cancer (VBC) has significant clinical implications, yet remains a challenge for pathologists and clinicians. Our objective was to characterize the changes in VBC diagnosis over time using a national retrospective cohort. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for all cases of pure urothelial and VBC using International Classification of Disease-O-3 morphologic codes from 2004 to 2021. The diagnosis of each type of VBC was trended from 2004 to 2021 to identify significant differences. This was performed in total and across varying facility types (community cancer program, academic program, comprehensive cancer program, and integrated network) with multivariable regression demonstrating significant associations with VBC diagnosis. Results: Between 2004 and 2021, 753,880 patients with pure urothelial carcinoma (UC) and 30,884 patients with VBC were identified. The diagnosis of VBC across all bladder cancer cases increased from 3.5% of cases in 2004-2009 (first tertile) to 4.3% of cases in 2016-2021 (third tertile) ( Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the diagnosis of VBC is increasing nationally over time. The increase in diagnosis is among micropapillary, sarcomatoid, and neuroendocrine subtypes, and is occurring across comprehensive cancer and academic centers, reflecting the growing need for a centralized review.
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