Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42199836›Full record

ArticlePeerJ2026

Development and validation of a questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitude, perception, safety practices, and health effects related to occupational hazards among e-waste workers in Malaysia.

Abdul Muntaqim Abu Bakar, Nik Rosmawati Nik Husain, Ahmad Filza Ismail, Yee Cheng Kueh, Rosediani Muhamad, Faridah Naim, Nur Alin Athirah Che Mohd Zailani, Azman Shah Ismail, Faizul Akmal Aznam

Abstract readValidation Study
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In one paragraph

Article in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Abdul Muntaqim Abu BakarDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Nik Rosmawati Nik HusainDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Ahmad Filza IsmailDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Yee Cheng KuehBiostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Rosediani MuhamadDepartment of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Faridah NaimDepartment of Chemical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Pagoh Campus, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Panchor, Johor, Malaysia.
Nur Alin Athirah Che Mohd ZailaniDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Azman Shah IsmailDepartment of Environment, Penang, Malaysia.
Faizul Akmal AznamDepartment of Environment, Penang, Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The growing amount of electronic waste (e-waste) creates serious occupational safety and health risks worldwide. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate the E-Waste Integrated Safety and Health Effects (E-WISE) questionnaire to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, safety practices, and health effects among formal e-waste recovery workers in Malaysia. Methodology: The E-WISE domains were identified through a literature review and expert verification. The questionnaire was developed in Malay using a multistage questionnaire development framework. Content validation by six experts ensured relevance and accuracy, while face validation with ten e-waste workers assessed clarity. A pretest evaluated the questionnaire's practicality. Item analysis for the Knowledge domain examined difficulty and discrimination indices. Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal Axis Factoring and internal consistency reliability analyses were performed to evaluate the questionnaire's construct structure and internal stability. Results: A total of 76 e-waste workers from 18 licensed recovery facilities across eight Malaysian states participated. Content and face validation showed excellent relevance and clarity (S-CVI/Ave = 0.99-1.00; S-FVI/Ave = 0.97-1.00). Item analysis for the Knowledge domain indicated acceptable difficulty ( Conclusion: The E-WISE questionnaire demonstrated strong validity and reliability in assessing occupational safety and health among e-waste recovery workers. The instrument provides a structured and context-specific tool for evaluating occupational safety culture, safety practices, and health effects within formal e-waste recovery facilities in Malaysia and may support future occupational health monitoring and intervention efforts.

Indexed as

Electronic WasteHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeOccupational ExposureOccupational HealthAdultFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMalaysiaMaleMiddle AgedPerceptionPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesWorking ConditionsE-waste workersExploratory factor analysis (EFA)Occupational hazardsQuestionnaire validationSafety practices and health effects

Identifiers

PMID42199836
PMCPMC13200622

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.